Pepto bismol expired 1 year ago - Mar 31, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years and older can take the following forms of Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. The dosages below apply for all digestive problems Pepto-Bismol can help treat.

 
Last updated on April 7, 2023. Official answer by Drugs.com It's best to discard expired medicines as the manufacturers do not guarantee the quality or efficacy of medicines past their expiry date. https://www.drugs.com/article/drug-expiration-dates.html Drug information Pepto-Bismol Information for Consumers Side Effects of Pepto-Bismol (detailed). Steam can

Constipation. Bismuth subsalicylate reduces the flow of water in stools so it may result in the hardening of stools. Expired Pepto Bismol can sometimes worsen this side effect. Salicylism. It is a condition that results from ingesting salicylates for a very long time.Simplified molecular structure of bismuth subsalicylate. Bismuth subsalicylate, sold generically as pink bismuth and under the brand names Pepto-Bismol and BisBacter, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, and diarrhea .I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inSince a law was passed in 1979, drug manufacturers are required to stamp an expiration date on their products. This is the date at which the manufacturer can still guarantee the full potency and safety of the drug. Most of what is known about drug expiration dates comes from a study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration at the request ...Feb 5, 2002 · Pepto-Bismol was invented in 1901 by a doctor in New York, as a response to cholera infantum, an illness which caused severe diarrhea and vomiting. The forumula, which he originally called Mixture Cholera Infantum , consisted of pepsin , bismuth salicylate , zinc salt s, salol and oil of wintergreen , and a colorant to make it pink . Feb 7, 2021 · A Verified Doctor answered. 31 years experience. Yes: Taking Tums ( calcium carbonate) for frequent burping may help and will not be harmful. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.4k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Kenny Chuu agrees. 1 thank. Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe.Treatment for food poisoning depends on how severe your symptoms are and what caused the illness. In most cases, drug treatment isn't necessary. Fluid replacement. Fluids and electrolytes, maintain the balance of fluids in your body. Electrolytes include minerals such as sodium, potassium and calcium.Dr. Gregory Hines answered. Family Medicine 26 years experience. Be seen: The black color is most likely due to the bismuth in the pepto -bismol, but you should be seen to get some diarrhea medication and possible testing. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.You should take: Pepto Bismol first then wait 3 hours before you take other medications. Or do the reverse. Pepto Bismol does affect the absorption rate and mechanis... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 342 views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.Dr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.Does Pepto Expire It's that time of year again, when your stomach is upset and you're looking for relief. You remember that you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol in the cupboard It's that time of year again, when your stomach is upset and you're looking for relief. You remember that you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol in the cupboardDr. Ryan Phasouk answered. Family Medicine 20 years experience. Considered safe: There is generally no evidence of adverse reactions when taking pepto bismol with zantac ( ranitidine ). Consult with your doctor as always. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Dried goldenseal has an antibacterial effect and may help with E.coli-induced diarrhea. Black tea and other tannin-rich foods such as blackberries can help reduce bowel inflammation. Foods such as carrots and bananas, as well as being bland, contain high amounts of pectin, a soluble fiber that can soak up extra fluid in the intestine.Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe.Pepto Bismol is a common over-the-counter (OTC) drug that may help control occasional symptoms of simple digestive issues, such as indigestion, heartburn, and diarrhea. Pepto Bismol is an antacid. It is available in a variety of forms, including capsules and liquids, and comes in a range of strengths. Some people may experience specific side ...An expiration date is a window of liability — the less time a food manufacturer is responsible for the item, the better for them. The same is true for over-the-counter medicines. It might seem like taking expired medicine is a bit more serious than swigging some perfectly-fine-smelling expired milk, and it can be: If the medicine is a life-or ... This has happened to me more than once but not because it was shipped to me. The bottle of pepto is nowhere close to being expired however after it's been opened then sits several days before using again the thick part has coated the bottom of the bottle & the top part is watery & no amount of vigorous shaking will mix it back together.Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective.I took some pepto bismol this morning because i was feeling nausea and now i am feeling considerably worse. i was about to take some more when i noticed it expired in october of 2018. is it possible that it made my nausea worse or is it still safe? A Verified Doctor answeredPepto Bismol Expired 4 Months Ago . If you have a bottle of Pepto Bismol that expired 4 months ago, is it still safe to take? The answer may surprise you. It turns out that Pepto Bismol actually has a pretty long shelf life – up to 3 years after the expiration date, according to the manufacturer.Psychiatry 27 years experience. If you are: Allergic to salcylates (such as aspirin) please be aware that pepto bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) contains subsalicylate. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective.Check with PD: The primary symptoms aided by pepto-bismol are nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea, and other temporary discomforts of the stomach... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.4k views Reviewed >2 years ago.1 Caja, 1 Frasco con dosificador graduado, 236 mL, 525 mg. 1 Caja, 1 Frasco con dosificador graduado, 473 mL, 525 mg. Agregar a interacciones medicamentosas. COMPOSICIÓN. INDICACIONES TERAPÉUTICAS. CONTRAINDICACIONES. REACCIONES ADVERSAS. INTERACCIONES MEDICAMENTOSAS Y DE OTRO GÉNERO. PRECAUCIONES Y ADVERTENCIAS. I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inAn expiration date is a window of liability — the less time a food manufacturer is responsible for the item, the better for them. The same is true for over-the-counter medicines. It might seem like taking expired medicine is a bit more serious than swigging some perfectly-fine-smelling expired milk, and it can be: If the medicine is a life-or ...VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora.Dec 6, 2019 · To take pepto-bismol tablets that expired in May 2019 - Answered by a verified Doctor ... Doctor: Onlinedoc, Doctor replied 3 years ago. Onlinedoc, Doctor. Category ... Yes: Yes, that should be fine. Just make sure you aren't allergic to Aspirin or taking large doses of anti-inflammatories. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.2k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.I found some pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) pills that i bought almost exactly one year ago. i can't find an expiration date on the bottle. are they still ok take? Dr. Pradeep Parihar answered Family Medicine 33 years experience Dr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.How long after the expiration date is pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) safe to take? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in I found some pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) pills that I bought almost exactly one year ago.This has happened to me more than once but not because it was shipped to me. The bottle of pepto is nowhere close to being expired however after it's been opened then sits several days before using again the thick part has coated the bottom of the bottle & the top part is watery & no amount of vigorous shaking will mix it back together.Gynecology 29 years experience. No: Peptol bismol will not cause any problems with a birth control pill or increase chance of pregnancy. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 4.4k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. 3 thanks. • Diarrhea, Upset Stomach, 6 to 9 years old, suspension (liquid): 10 milliliters (2/3 tablet) every 30 minutes to 1 hour up to a maximum of 8 doses daily, by mouth (1) • Diarrhea, Upset Stomach, 9 to 12 years old, suspension (liquid): 15 milliliters (1 tablet) every 30 minutes to 1 hour up to a maximum of 8 doses daily, by mouth (1)Constipation. Bismuth subsalicylate reduces the flow of water in stools so it may result in the hardening of stools. Expired Pepto Bismol can sometimes worsen this side effect. Salicylism. It is a condition that results from ingesting salicylates for a very long time.Jul 23, 2015 · Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe. "i have pepto-bismol which has been expired since 11/2015 is it still fine to take for nausea?" Answered by Dr. Richard Bensinger: Not a problem: The ingredients will ...Pepto-Bismol is typically available over the counter, and it is typically inexpensive. The medication comes in both liquid and pill form, and the liquid form is typically the most affordable. Pepto-Bismol typically lasts for about 2 years after it is opened. Once it is opened, the medication should be kept in a cool, dry place.Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective. Mar 31, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years and older can take the following forms of Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. The dosages below apply for all digestive problems Pepto-Bismol can help treat. No: no, its ok as long as it's not significantly (like 6 months or more) past expiration. The only problem at that point is potency and theoretical breakd... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Feb 23, 2017 · This has happened to me more than once but not because it was shipped to me. The bottle of pepto is nowhere close to being expired however after it's been opened then sits several days before using again the thick part has coated the bottom of the bottle & the top part is watery & no amount of vigorous shaking will mix it back together. Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Medications usually just get weaker after their expiry date, and two month past pepto is no worse for you than unexpired pepto, just potentially weaker. It’ll be fine. Also, ginger is your best friend. Source: just puked like 10 times yesterday and at least ginger took away my nausea and helped me recover. It’ll be fine. Mar 31, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years and older can take the following forms of Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. The dosages below apply for all digestive problems Pepto-Bismol can help treat. Aug 22, 2021 · No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inDried goldenseal has an antibacterial effect and may help with E.coli-induced diarrhea. Black tea and other tannin-rich foods such as blackberries can help reduce bowel inflammation. Foods such as carrots and bananas, as well as being bland, contain high amounts of pectin, a soluble fiber that can soak up extra fluid in the intestine.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inI have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inUsually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe.Jan 15, 2017 · Share. Dr. Holly Maes answered. Pediatrics 38 years experience. Yes, but...: The Promethazine is fine, but I'm not a fan of Pepto -Bismol in kids. It contains an ingredient the body metabolizes to essentially aspirin, which is a big NO NO in kids during influenza season . I've actually seen a 5 year old die of aspirin overdose from taking Pepto ... I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inOnce Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective. Expired pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate): ... 147 views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Frank Kuitems agrees 1 doctor agrees. 4 thanks. A 17-year-old male asked:Pepto-Bismol Chewable Tablets. Generic name: Bismuth Subsalicylate Chewable Tablets [ BIZ-muth-sub-sa-LIS-i-late ] Brand names: Bismatrol, Pepto-Bismol. Drug class: Antidiarrheals. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Aug 9, 2023. Uses. Before taking.Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe.I found some pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) pills that i bought almost exactly one year ago. i can't find an expiration date on the bottle. are they still ok take? Dr. Pradeep Parihar answered Family Medicine 33 years experienceSimplified molecular structure of bismuth subsalicylate. Bismuth subsalicylate, sold generically as pink bismuth and under the brand names Pepto-Bismol and BisBacter, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, and diarrhea . Usually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. May 25, 2023 · Pepto-Bismol - Why does the label now say not to take it if you have an ulcer? My Dr just suggested I take it to help me feel better while the ulcer heals. Updated 7 Dec 2017 1 answer. Pepto-Bismol - Still Black stool after kaopectate 4 days ago. Any cause of concern? Not recommended: Pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) has a component salycelate that was linled with a devistating disease called reye's syndrome in the 70's & 80's. ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 6.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Simplified molecular structure of bismuth subsalicylate. Bismuth subsalicylate, sold generically as pink bismuth and under the brand names Pepto-Bismol and BisBacter, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, and diarrhea . Medications usually just get weaker after their expiry date, and two month past pepto is no worse for you than unexpired pepto, just potentially weaker. It’ll be fine. Also, ginger is your best friend. Source: just puked like 10 times yesterday and at least ginger took away my nausea and helped me recover. It’ll be fine.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inMay 11, 2021 · Not a problem: The ingredients will be insufficiently changed from that expiration date to make a difference. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. Apr 7, 2023 · Last updated on April 7, 2023. Official answer by Drugs.com It's best to discard expired medicines as the manufacturers do not guarantee the quality or efficacy of medicines past their expiry date. https://www.drugs.com/article/drug-expiration-dates.html Drug information Pepto-Bismol Information for Consumers Side Effects of Pepto-Bismol (detailed) To take pepto-bismol tablets that expired in May 2019 - Answered by a verified Doctor ... Doctor: Onlinedoc, Doctor replied 3 years ago. Onlinedoc, Doctor. Category ...Usually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Jul 23, 2015 · Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe. I took some pepto bismol this morning because i was feeling nausea and now i am feeling considerably worse. i was about to take some more when i noticed it expired in october of 2018. is it possible that it made my nausea worse or is it still safe? A Verified Doctor answeredNo harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpUsually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.Feb 28, 2023 · Unflavored metamucil. Probiotics. Fiber supplements. Boiled white rice. Canned, unflavored pumpkin. Electrolytes. These are all safe and efficient answers to the question of what can I give my cat for diarrhea. If you have any doubts or concerns, you can talk to your vet first.

Jul 23, 2015 · Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe. . Iv3 500ca

pepto bismol expired 1 year ago

Pepto Bismol is a common over-the-counter (OTC) drug that may help control occasional symptoms of simple digestive issues, such as indigestion, heartburn, and diarrhea. Pepto Bismol is an antacid. It is available in a variety of forms, including capsules and liquids, and comes in a range of strengths. Some people may experience specific side ...VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora. It is not recommended to consume expired Pepto Bismol as it can be hazardous to your health. While some medications remain in good condition even after expiry, you must ensure that you get fresh, unexpired medications. Certain medicines may cause harmful negative effects on health when taken when the date of expiry has passed.3.6M subscribers in the NoStupidQuestions community. Ask away! Do Pepto Bismol chewable tablets expire? The last time I purchased them was about 2 years ago but they don’t have an expiration date on them :(Jul 23, 2015 · Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe. Dec 14, 2020 · 28 year old healthy female.I had a stomach bug 8 days ago. I am still having stomach cramps, pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) helps but pain comes back. Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank.Sep 1, 2015 · 6. Dish Detergent. You shouldn't keep your dish detergent for longer than one year if you want it to be effective. And, since you use the liquid to disinfect dishes that multiple people share ... Mar 31, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years and older can take the following forms of Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. The dosages below apply for all digestive problems Pepto-Bismol can help treat. Dr. Anatoly Belilovsky answered. Pediatrics 37 years experience. When appropriate:: With travel to places where bacterial diarrhea is common. For viral diarrhea, pepto bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) alone is better. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Aug 29, 2020 · The next time you face the drug expiration date dilemma, consider what you've learned here. If the expiration date passed a few years ago and it's important that your drug is absolutely 100% effective, you might want to consider buying a new bottle. And if you have any questions about the safety or effectiveness of any drug, ask your pharmacist. Aug 18, 2022 · Dr. James Ferguson answered. Pediatrics 48 years experience. I doubt that a single exposure to this product would have a significant effect on a breastfeeding infant. If you need this type of product, seek out those without salicylates in their ingredient list. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Simplified molecular structure of bismuth subsalicylate. Bismuth subsalicylate, sold generically as pink bismuth and under the brand names Pepto-Bismol and BisBacter, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, and diarrhea .Sep 21, 2014 · Would it be ok to give my 4 year old pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)? if not what would you recommend I give him for an upset stomach/stomach pain? 1 doctor answer • 1 doctor weighed in Last updated Sep 21, 2014 .

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